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The south and the Islands are the southern region of Thailand.  It includes many from Thailand the majority of the famous resources in both seaboard oriented toward the west of the Sea of Andaman, and in Gulf oriented toward southern the east of the coast of Thailand.

Southern Thailand is connected with Bangkok, the economic center of Thailand, by railroad track as well as highway.  Also various regional airports are located in the largest towns.  The main axis of the transportation of southern every Thailand is the Hat Yai, that evolved from a small village to the present city inside few decades. 

The highway of Phetkasem is the most long road of Thailand, and Bangkok by the Isthmus flees of Kra and then in the western coast of the peninsula.  Of Trang that crosses it to the oriental coast al Hat Yai, and then end in the border malaisa. 

The southern railroad track connects also Bangkok al Hat Yai, and continues from there to Malaya and Singapore.  Two smaller branches of the railroad track flee Thung the Song to Trang and Nakhon If Thammarat.

Surat Thani (often in short Surat) is the largest of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Surat Thani means City of Good People, the title given to the city by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI).

The area of Surat Thani was already inhabited in prehistoric times by Semang and Malayan tribes. Founded in the 3rd century, until the 13th century the Srivijaya kingdom dominated the Malay Peninsula and much of the island of Java from there. The city Chaiya contains several ruins from Srivijaya times, and was probably a regional capital of the kingdom. Some Thai historians even claim that it was the capital of the kingdom itself for some time, but this is generally disputed. Wiang Sa was another main settlement of that time.

After the fall of the Srivijaya it was divided into the cities (Mueang) Chaiya, Thatong (now Kanchanadit) and Khirirat Nikhom. While Chaiya was administrated directly from the capital, Thatong and Khirirat were controlled by the Nakhon Si Thammarat kingdom. In 1899 they were merged into one province named Chaiya. In 1915 also the court of the Monthon Chumphon was moved to Bandon, which received its new name Surat Thani on July 29, 1915 during a visit of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI). The monthon was renamed to Surat accordingly. In 1926 it was abolished and incorporated into monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat. In 1933 the monthon was dissolved, so the province became the first level administrative subdivision.